

from22.65GBP/ h
Private Arabic classes for non natives or foreigners/ online
Native Arabic teacher offering personalized Arabic language classes in both Modern Standard Arabic (Fusha) and dialects (Moroccan and Lebanese).
These individual lessons are tailored to your specific needs. I can guide you from the basics, including the alphabet and conjugation, to writing and speaking proficiency.
My dynamic and energetic teaching method will take you step by step towards your goals. All materials will be provided via email, and lessons are well-organized. I can also suggest weekly tasks for additional practice.
Additionally, I offer support with proofreading and translation. Instruction is available in English, French, Italian, and Arabic. Classes can be conducted via Google Meet or Zoom.
أهلاً وسهلاً ومرحباً بكم في صفحتي
These individual lessons are tailored to your specific needs. I can guide you from the basics, including the alphabet and conjugation, to writing and speaking proficiency.
My dynamic and energetic teaching method will take you step by step towards your goals. All materials will be provided via email, and lessons are well-organized. I can also suggest weekly tasks for additional practice.
Additionally, I offer support with proofreading and translation. Instruction is available in English, French, Italian, and Arabic. Classes can be conducted via Google Meet or Zoom.
أهلاً وسهلاً ومرحباً بكم في صفحتي
Location
Online via webcam
General info
Arabic for adults, School
Age: | Children (7-12 years old) Teenagers (13-17 years old) Adults (18-64 years old) Seniors (65+ years old) |
---|---|
Student level: | Beginner Intermediate Advanced |
Duration: | 30 minutes 60 minutes 90 minutes 120 minutes |
The class is taught in: | French, English, Italian, Arabic |
About Me
Translated by Google. Click to view original.
If you need help in math and physics to progress to CPGE level, I'm here for you!My approach is to help you understand all the difficult math and physics concepts and provide you with a wide variety of questions to help you practice and prepare for your exams.
I am also ready to give you more work to do outside of school hours if you request it. My goal is to help you gain self-confidence so you can succeed in math.
Education
Translated by Google. Click to view original.
Currently an engineering student at the Ecole Centrale, I graduated from the baccalaureate in mathematics with honors with a mark of 19.02 obtained at the Lycée d'Excellence de BenguerirExperience / Qualifications
Translated by Google. Click to view original.
I am a mathematics and physics teacher for middle and high school students at the CapMission school support center.Reviews (3)
Mathematics has always been a struggle for me, dating back to my childhood, and the challenges only intensified as I reached Year 11. Last summer, I found myself in a situation where I had to take a reset exam due to failing the year in Mathematics. This is where Ms. Yousra entered my life, and I couldn't be more grateful for it.
I can honestly say that Miss Yousra is an exceptional teacher. Her patience and understanding with her students are commendable and she strikes a balance between formality and kindness, creating a nurturing atmosphere where you always feel supported. No matter the circumstances, I knew she was there for me through thick and thin.
Additionally, Ms. Yousra's organizational skills and her profound knowledge of Mathematics make her an outstanding tutor. She ensures that you grasp each topic completely before moving on, providing homework after every lesson, which proved to be immensely helpful for me. Her meticulous planning and session calendars demonstrate her commitment to being well-prepared for every class.
In just three weeks, Miss Yousra helped me prepare for my Math Resit Exam, which covered everything from my entire Year 10 IGCSE Mathematics curriculum. Thanks to her, my grades improved from a mere 20% to a 70%—she didn’t just help me catch up, but also excel. Her teaching is nothing short of magical, and I'm incredibly appreciative to have had her as my tutor. I eagerly look forward to having lessons with her again this year.
If you've ever struggled with Math, Miss Yousra can absolutely transform your perspective on the subject and help you excel. She is, without a doubt, amazing.
Yousra is teacher in her soul. She knows how to transfer her knowledge and make it easier the concept
Yousra is a very dynamic and available teacher. Thanks to her, I was able to pass my final exams in physics, which is really not an easy subject for me. She explains things really well and is very patient and understandable when you have difficulty understanding. I recommend it 100% :).
Translated by Google. Click to view original.
Finalist in the National Physics Olympiads, and currently a Master M2 student in artificial intelligence at CentraleSupelec, I offer individualized teaching, help in preparing questions, written and oral exams, as well as the National Olympiads. My goal is to help the student progress without overloading them while maintaining their spirit of autonomy. I give homework after each lesson and provide progress reports periodically.
With exams, competitions and patents fast approaching, it is important to prepare as well as possible.
If you are looking for help in mathematics to progress, you can count on me.
My teaching approach is to help you understand all the difficult math concepts and provide you with a wide variety of questions to help you practice and prepare for your exams. If you wish to request it, I am also ready to give you additional work to do outside of class hours to reinforce your knowledge. My goal is to help you gain the self-confidence you need to succeed in math.
Machine Learning is one of the most sought-after skills in the modern world of AI applications, with hiring in this field growing at a staggering 74% annually for the last four years. This program is designed to equip you with the skills and experience needed to pursue a successful career in Machine Learning, and explore the main types of Machine Learning: Unsupervised Learning, Supervised Learning, Deep Learning, and Reinforcement Learning. You'll also delve into special topics to complement your learning.
The program comprises of 6 courses that offer a solid theoretical understanding and ample opportunities to practice the main algorithms, uses, and best practices associated with Machine Learning. You'll code your own projects using the most relevant open-source frameworks and libraries, and apply what you learn in various courses to a final project.
Whether you're already familiar with Python programming, statistics, and linear algebra, or just have a general interest in data analysis and self-learning, this intermediate series is suitable for you. We start with the basics, offer a solid theoretical foundation, code-along labs and demos, and build up to more advanced topics, making it an exciting and rewarding learning experience.
Take your Python programming skills to the next level with this course that builds upon the successful Python for Everybody program.
Discover fundamental programming concepts, including data structures, networked application program interfaces, and databases, and unleash your creativity as you design and develop your own cutting-edge applications for data retrieval, processing, and visualization in the final Project.
With the latest technologies and techniques at your fingertips, the possibilities are endless!
Ask a question
Send a message explaining your needs and Yousra will reply soon:
The more detail, the better.
Ex. "Hi, when are you available to meet for a lesson?"
Ex. "Hi, when are you available to meet for a lesson?"
Availability of a typical week
(GMT -04:00) New York
Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | |||||||
1 | |||||||
2 | Monday at 2:00 | Tuesday at 2:00 | Wednesday at 2:00 | Thursday at 2:00 | Friday at 2:00 | Saturday at 2:00 | Sunday at 2:00 |
3 | Monday at 3:00 | Tuesday at 3:00 | Wednesday at 3:00 | Thursday at 3:00 | Friday at 3:00 | Saturday at 3:00 | Sunday at 3:00 |
4 | Monday at 4:00 | Tuesday at 4:00 | Wednesday at 4:00 | Thursday at 4:00 | Friday at 4:00 | Saturday at 4:00 | Sunday at 4:00 |
5 | Monday at 5:00 | Tuesday at 5:00 | Wednesday at 5:00 | Thursday at 5:00 | Friday at 5:00 | Saturday at 5:00 | Sunday at 5:00 |
6 | Monday at 6:00 | Tuesday at 6:00 | Wednesday at 6:00 | Thursday at 6:00 | Friday at 6:00 | Saturday at 6:00 | Sunday at 6:00 |
7 | Monday at 7:00 | Tuesday at 7:00 | Wednesday at 7:00 | Thursday at 7:00 | Friday at 7:00 | Saturday at 7:00 | Sunday at 7:00 |
8 | Monday at 8:00 | Tuesday at 8:00 | Wednesday at 8:00 | Thursday at 8:00 | Friday at 8:00 | Saturday at 8:00 | Sunday at 8:00 |
9 | Monday at 9:00 | Tuesday at 9:00 | Wednesday at 9:00 | Thursday at 9:00 | Friday at 9:00 | Saturday at 9:00 | Sunday at 9:00 |
10 | Monday at 10:00 | Tuesday at 10:00 | Wednesday at 10:00 | Thursday at 10:00 | Friday at 10:00 | Saturday at 10:00 | Sunday at 10:00 |
11 | Monday at 11:00 | Tuesday at 11:00 | Wednesday at 11:00 | Thursday at 11:00 | Friday at 11:00 | Saturday at 11:00 | Sunday at 11:00 |
12 | Monday at 12:00 | Tuesday at 12:00 | Wednesday at 12:00 | Thursday at 12:00 | Friday at 12:00 | Saturday at 12:00 | Sunday at 12:00 |
13 | Monday at 13:00 | Tuesday at 13:00 | Wednesday at 13:00 | Thursday at 13:00 | Friday at 13:00 | Saturday at 13:00 | Sunday at 13:00 |
14 | Monday at 14:00 | Tuesday at 14:00 | Wednesday at 14:00 | Thursday at 14:00 | Friday at 14:00 | Saturday at 14:00 | Sunday at 14:00 |
15 | Monday at 15:00 | Tuesday at 15:00 | Wednesday at 15:00 | Thursday at 15:00 | Friday at 15:00 | Saturday at 15:00 | Sunday at 15:00 |
16 | Monday at 16:00 | Tuesday at 16:00 | Wednesday at 16:00 | Thursday at 16:00 | Friday at 16:00 | Saturday at 16:00 | Sunday at 16:00 |
17 | Monday at 17:00 | Tuesday at 17:00 | Wednesday at 17:00 | Thursday at 17:00 | Friday at 17:00 | Saturday at 17:00 | Sunday at 17:00 |
18 | Monday at 18:00 | Tuesday at 18:00 | Wednesday at 18:00 | Thursday at 18:00 | Friday at 18:00 | Saturday at 18:00 | Sunday at 18:00 |
19 | |||||||
20 | |||||||
21 | |||||||
22 | |||||||
23 |
from £22.65Online via webcam
100% Satisfaction Guarantee
Good-fit Instructor Guarantee
If you are not satisfied after your first lesson, Apprentus will find you another instructor or will refund your first lesson.
Online reputation
- Instructor since December 2022
- Phone number verified
- Google connected
Availability of a typical week
(GMT -04:00) New York
Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | |||||||
1 | |||||||
2 | Monday at 2:00 | Tuesday at 2:00 | Wednesday at 2:00 | Thursday at 2:00 | Friday at 2:00 | Saturday at 2:00 | Sunday at 2:00 |
3 | Monday at 3:00 | Tuesday at 3:00 | Wednesday at 3:00 | Thursday at 3:00 | Friday at 3:00 | Saturday at 3:00 | Sunday at 3:00 |
4 | Monday at 4:00 | Tuesday at 4:00 | Wednesday at 4:00 | Thursday at 4:00 | Friday at 4:00 | Saturday at 4:00 | Sunday at 4:00 |
5 | Monday at 5:00 | Tuesday at 5:00 | Wednesday at 5:00 | Thursday at 5:00 | Friday at 5:00 | Saturday at 5:00 | Sunday at 5:00 |
6 | Monday at 6:00 | Tuesday at 6:00 | Wednesday at 6:00 | Thursday at 6:00 | Friday at 6:00 | Saturday at 6:00 | Sunday at 6:00 |
7 | Monday at 7:00 | Tuesday at 7:00 | Wednesday at 7:00 | Thursday at 7:00 | Friday at 7:00 | Saturday at 7:00 | Sunday at 7:00 |
8 | Monday at 8:00 | Tuesday at 8:00 | Wednesday at 8:00 | Thursday at 8:00 | Friday at 8:00 | Saturday at 8:00 | Sunday at 8:00 |
9 | Monday at 9:00 | Tuesday at 9:00 | Wednesday at 9:00 | Thursday at 9:00 | Friday at 9:00 | Saturday at 9:00 | Sunday at 9:00 |
10 | Monday at 10:00 | Tuesday at 10:00 | Wednesday at 10:00 | Thursday at 10:00 | Friday at 10:00 | Saturday at 10:00 | Sunday at 10:00 |
11 | Monday at 11:00 | Tuesday at 11:00 | Wednesday at 11:00 | Thursday at 11:00 | Friday at 11:00 | Saturday at 11:00 | Sunday at 11:00 |
12 | Monday at 12:00 | Tuesday at 12:00 | Wednesday at 12:00 | Thursday at 12:00 | Friday at 12:00 | Saturday at 12:00 | Sunday at 12:00 |
13 | Monday at 13:00 | Tuesday at 13:00 | Wednesday at 13:00 | Thursday at 13:00 | Friday at 13:00 | Saturday at 13:00 | Sunday at 13:00 |
14 | Monday at 14:00 | Tuesday at 14:00 | Wednesday at 14:00 | Thursday at 14:00 | Friday at 14:00 | Saturday at 14:00 | Sunday at 14:00 |
15 | Monday at 15:00 | Tuesday at 15:00 | Wednesday at 15:00 | Thursday at 15:00 | Friday at 15:00 | Saturday at 15:00 | Sunday at 15:00 |
16 | Monday at 16:00 | Tuesday at 16:00 | Wednesday at 16:00 | Thursday at 16:00 | Friday at 16:00 | Saturday at 16:00 | Sunday at 16:00 |
17 | Monday at 17:00 | Tuesday at 17:00 | Wednesday at 17:00 | Thursday at 17:00 | Friday at 17:00 | Saturday at 17:00 | Sunday at 17:00 |
18 | Monday at 18:00 | Tuesday at 18:00 | Wednesday at 18:00 | Thursday at 18:00 | Friday at 18:00 | Saturday at 18:00 | Sunday at 18:00 |
19 | |||||||
20 | |||||||
21 | |||||||
22 | |||||||
23 |
from £22.65Online via webcam
Good-fit Instructor Guarantee
If you are not satisfied after your first lesson, Apprentus will find you another instructor or will refund your first lesson.
Share
You are here
Private lessons
in Bouskoura
Similar classes
Younes
online arabic lessons for kids and adultsIntended for anyone wishing to study the Arabic language, there is no prerequisite level, even complete beginners can take these courses.
There is no ultimate, foolproof way to learn Arabic. Each person is different and will, depending on their character and profile, prefer one method over another.
my learning method is based on simplicity and above all it is necessary to move forward according to the rhythm of the student to allow him to improve and acquire new bases and to be able to assimilate new information without ever becoming saturated. Who goes slowly goes surely, and who goes surely goes far.
Awni
Private Arabic classes for non natives or foreigners/onlineNative professional Arabic teacher offering Arabic language classes- typical Arabic (Fusha) or middle eastern dialects (Jordanian, Lebanese and gulf).
These classes are INDIVIDUAL and PERSONALIZED according to your demands.
I can help you to learn basics even from Alphabet to conjugation,plus writing and speaking.
My method will take you step by step to meet your goal! I am dynamic, easy-going and full of energy!
All material will be provided to you by email.
Lessons are well organized
I can suggest a weekly task.
In addition, I can provide support in proofreading and translation.
About me:
I am a highly qualified teacher with a Master's degree in Philology and Literature as well as 13 years of experience.
As I have studied in high ranked European universities and traveled around the world, so I'm able to support you with job interviews and public speech.
Language of teaching can be English,French, Spanish and Arabic.
Classes can be via Skype or zoom.
Thank you for your interest in my profile, أهلاً وسهلاً ومرحباً بكم في صفحتي
Nesrine
Learn standard Arabic, Arabic culture, and Tunisian dialect with a native teacher👩🎓I am a high school teacher. I speak several languages. Arabic is my native language. I have worked with all levels. And I had training in teaching 👩🎓. I helped several foreigners master standard Arabic and the Tunisian dialect 🏆.
I follow an official and recognized program to prepare lessons for each learner.
I use conversations, text images, games, videos, stories to facilitate learning.
I am patient, sociable, and I listen to my learners.
In short, I help you to be able to speak, read, and write in Standard Arabic or Tunisian Arabic. 💐
Zouhour
Arabic and tunisian Dialect courses for children and adultsNewly arrived in Tunisia ? and fed up with using Google translator, hand gestures and poor miming skills to just get by everyday? I'm offering my help to teach you Tunisian Dialect. With simple methods and tools, you'll learn how to express yourself and mingle with tunisians in no time.
Together we'll make learning tunisian dialect a fun experience.
Mohsen
Certified German and Arabic teacher for non-native speakersI teach German courses on the largest online sites and other platforms for all Goethe levels from A.1 to C.1 as well as special courses for beginners and advanced students as well as senior high school students in Egypt in the largest institutes as I am an expert in the German language in state secondary schools and a certified teacher in the largest platforms: I have a Master's degree in German Literature from the University of Vienna, Austria
I also speak Arabic, my native language
I am also fluent in English
Abir
🌟 Arabic Lessons Online – Perfect for Beginners & Advanced Learners (Reading, Speaking, Writing) 🌟Hi! 👋 I’m Abir, a passionate Arabic teacher from Tunisia, and I’m here to make learning Arabic fun, simple, and effective. Whether you’re a complete beginner or already have some experience, my personalized lessons are tailored to help you reach your goals.
✨ For Beginners:
🖋️ Master the Arabic alphabet step by step.
📖 Learn to read, speak, and understand with confidence.
🎯 Enjoy a straightforward and engaging teaching approach.
💡 For Advanced Learners:
💬 Improve your fluency with real-life conversations.
✍️ Refine your writing and perfect your grammar.
🚀 Break through language barriers with focused practice.
🌍 Why Choose My Lessons?
🕒 Flexible online sessions that fit your schedule.
😊 A friendly and supportive learning environment.
✅ Proven techniques for fast and noticeable progress.
Arabic is more than just a language—it’s a journey into a vibrant culture and rich history! 🌿 Whether you’re learning for travel, work, or personal growth, I’m here to guide you every step of the way.
📩 Ready to start? Contact me today to book your first lesson, and let’s begin your Arabic adventure together! 🌟
محمد
Arabic language teacher from scratch and memorizer of the Holy Quran and TajweedI am a specialized Arabic language teacher with experience teaching Arabic at all levels and grades. I offer flexible and innovative lessons that help students gain a deeper understanding of the Arabic language, whether they are beginners or advanced learners. Lessons include:
• Teaching grammar and morphology in a simplified way.
• Reading and writing in interactive ways to improve skills.
• Listening and speaking to develop the ability to communicate in Arabic.
• Customized lessons for each academic stage
I customize lessons to suit each student's level, and I use teaching methods that suit all age groups.
I am also a Quran memorizer with extensive experience in teaching Quran memorization and recitation. I offer dedicated Quran memorization lessons, focusing on the fundamentals of tajweed and the rules of recitation. The lessons include:
• Memorizing the Holy Quran with repetition of verses.
• Tajweed: Teaching the basic rules of correct recitation.
• Reviewing the memorization of the Qur’an: Periodic review to ensure consistency in memorization.
Students receive individualized instruction appropriate to their level of memorization, helping them master the memorization of the Holy Quran easily and in the shortest possible time.
Nawfl
Online Private Arabic Classes – Are you looking to master Arabic for personal, academic, or professional reasons?Online Private Arabic Classes – Learn Arabic at Your Own Pace!
Are you looking to master Arabic for personal, academic, or professional reasons? Our online private classes offer personalized, one-on-one instruction tailored to your learning goals.
Why Choose Our Arabic Classes?
✅ Flexible Scheduling – Learn at your convenience.
✅ Native & Experienced Tutors – Get expert guidance from qualified teachers.
✅ Customized Lessons – Focus on Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), dialects (Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf), or Quranic Arabic.
✅ Interactive Learning – Engaging lessons with speaking, listening, reading, and writing practice.
✅ All Levels Welcome – Beginner, intermediate, or advanced.
What You’ll Learn:
🗣 Conversational Skills – Speak confidently in real-life situations.
📖 Grammar & Vocabulary – Build a strong foundation.
✍️ Writing & Reading – Master Arabic script and comprehension.
🎧 Listening Practice – Understand native speakers easily.
Specialized Courses Available:
Business Arabic
Quranic & Islamic Arabic
Travel & Dialect-Specific Arabic
🔹 Start your Arabic learning journey today! 🔹
📩 Contact us now
Farass
Online Private Arabic Classes – Learn Arabic at Your Own Pace! One-on-one sessions with experienced tutorOnline Private Arabic Classes – Learn Arabic at Your Own Pace!
Are you looking to master Arabic with personalized attention? Our online private Arabic classes offer tailored lessons to suit your learning goals, whether for conversation, grammar, reading, writing, or professional use.
Why Choose Our Online Arabic Classes?
✅ One-on-one sessions with experienced native tutors
✅ Flexible scheduling – learn at your convenience
✅ Customized curriculum based on your level (beginner, intermediate, advanced)
✅ Interactive lessons with speaking, listening, and writing practice
✅ Modern & Classical Arabic (Fusha or dialects like Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf)
✅ Affordable pricing with trial lessons available
Who Can Join?
🔹 Students preparing for exams (school/university)
🔹 Professionals needing Arabic for work
🔹 Travelers or expats wanting conversational skills
🔹 Quran & Islamic studies learners
🔹 Anyone passionate about Arabic language & culture
Abdulrahman
Classical Arabic Course: {العربية الفصحى} Develop skills in reading 📚 writing ✍️ conversation 💬 and listening 🎧In this course, we offer comprehensive instruction in Classical Arabic, covering the four skills: reading, writing, conversation, and listening. Special attention is given to conversational skills through discussions on various topics 🗣️, which help improve language use in daily, social, and cultural contexts.
We use simplified methods to ensure understanding and assimilation. The course is designed for students of all levels, from beginners to advanced, so they can practice the language effectively and apply it in real-world contexts, thereby enhancing their ability to communicate and express themselves with confidence.
Join us to develop your language skills and enjoy an interactive and comprehensive learning experience! 🌟
أ/آية
Teaching the Arabic language, for all educational levels, explaining grammar rules easily, teaching reading and writing.I am: a teacher (Arabic language), holds a master's degree in (grammar).
Teaching reading and writing.
* Foundation students in the Arabic language and grammar.
* Teaching the Arabic language, for all stages and educational curricula.
* Explain grammar rules easily.
* Teaching also (social studies, religious education).
Salma
Tunisian Arabic, culture and civilization/ New methods/Best resultsthe language of the Arabs, spoken in a variety of dialects; the official language of Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, the Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, the Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen. It is estimated to be the native language of some 75 million people throughout the world.
How to learn Arabic fast?
Start with the basics: learn the Arabic alphabet. Just like any other language, Arabic starts with the alphabet. ...
Learn how to read Arabic. ...
Learn how to write Arabic. ...
Learn how to speak Arabic. ...
Immerse yourself in daily practice.
why Arabic?
-Understand Arabic speech at a basic level dealing with everyday life situations.
-Speak Arabic at a basic level in everyday life situations.
-Master the Arabic alphabet and proficiently read fully vocalized Arabic texts.
-Write basic sentences and short essays in Arabic.
Nina
"Discover the magic of the Arabic language✅Discover the magic of the Arabic language, Learn Arabic online through interactive and engagingI invite you to discover the magic of the Arabic language! 🌍 With my online courses, you can learn Arabic easily from home at your own pace. My interactive and personalized programs are suitable for all ages and levels, whether you are a beginner or looking to improve your skills.
For children, I have created fun courses that spark their curiosity while teaching them the basics of the language and Arabic culture. For adults, I offer modules tailored to meet specific needs, whether for professional, cultural, or personal reasons.
With regular follow-up and practical advice, you will make rapid progress in a motivating environment. Join me today and explore the richness of the Arabic language on this new adventure at an unbeatable price! 🩷
In French
"I invite you to discover the magic of the Arabic language! 🌍 With my online courses, I learn Arabic easily from home, at my own pace. My interactive and personalized programs are suitable for all ages and levels, whether you are a beginner or looking to improve.
For children, I have created fun courses that spark their curiosity while teaching them the basics of the Arabic language and culture. For adults, I offer modules designed to meet specific needs, whether for professional, cultural or personal reasons.
With regular monitoring and practical advice, you will progress quickly in a motivating atmosphere. Join me today and discover all the richness of the Arabic language new adventure with an unbeatable price 🩷
Youness
Online Moroccan Darija Course For all levels!!!I give online Moroccan Darija lessons for all levels!!!.
I offer sessions in Moroccan Darija online For all levels!!!.
I provide extensive support and well supported by the most effective learning tools.
For more information, contact me.
Dalila
Tunisian dialect Arabic Reading lessons Conversation lessons comprehension lessons written or oral production lessonsI offer a course to practice Tunisian Maghreb dialectal Arabic
Bears of conversation reading oral and written comprehension oral and written production
Description of certain life situations in Tunisia or elsewhere in the world
Description of certain aspects of social and cultural life.....,..