Statistics: theory and applications (R/Python/SPSS)

From 37 £ /h

This class will provide students with private tutoring tailored to the needs of their BSc./MSc. classes, enriched with additional educational material and personalized explanations based on the scope and level of their course. The tutorials may cover statistical/econometric material for analyses pertaining to the disciplines of psychology, economics, policy evaluation, management, political science, sociology and more.

This class may cover any of the following topics:

- Hypothesis Testing, Analysis of Experimental Data, Power, Effect Size
- Parametric Inference and Estimation (i.e., regression, t-test, chi-square test)
- Causal Inference with Observational Data (i.e., instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity)
- Probability Theory (i.e., LLN, CLT, probability distributions, Bayes theorem)
- Non - parametric and Machine Learning methods (i.e., supervised classification/regression techniques, unsupervised/clustering techniques)
- Coding in R, Python and SPSS
- Quantitative methodology and evaluation of analysis results

Extra information

Lessons can be held online (via Zoom, Skype or some other preffered platform) or at a physical location if possible. It is also possible to schedule classes with more than 1 person (max 4).

Location

Online from Netherlands

About Me

I have worked as a full time Lecturer and Tutor at Erasmus University Rotterdam for more than 6 years, teaching several courses in statistics and quantitative methods, as well as supervising students in their BSc. thesis. At the moment I work as a Data Scientist at a large consulting firm in Amsterdam.

I have experienced the joy and rewards of teaching when students achieve their academic goals and I continue my teaching activities at Erasmus University as a guest lecturer. However, teaching small scale interactive classes is what I have always enoyed the most and would like to focus on.

I have received thousand student evaluations over the years and according to them some of my most salient characteristics as a tutor are: patience, clarity of explanations and the ability to create a safe environment for questions and reflections on the material. In my classes, students are placed in the driver's seat and learn from their mistakes at a pace that is optimal for them and their needs.

Education

MSc. Behavioural Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam - Thesis: 8.5/10
MSc. Policy Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam - Thesis: 9/10
Certificate Statistics & Data Science, MITx

Experience / Qualifications

6+ year of teaching experience in statistics and quantitive research methods at Erasmus University Rotterdam, including teaching small scale interactive classes, lecturing, designing high quality interactive teaching material, thesis supervision and coordination of large classes with 200+ students.

Courses:
- Quantitative Research Methods & Analysis with R
- Intermediate Statistics I & II
- Introduction to Statistics & SPSS

Age

Adults (18-64 years old)

Seniors (65+ years old)

Student level

Beginner

Intermediate

Advanced

Duration

60 minutes

90 minutes

120 minutes

The class is taught in

English

Greek

Skills

Statistics

Methodology course

Computer programming

Availability of a typical week

(GMT -04:00)

New York

Online via webcam

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun

00-04

04-08

08-12

12-16

16-20

20-24

Empirical project supervision in academia and industry

37 £ /h

This class will provide students with personalised, end-to-end guidance/supervision in empirical research projects. This could entail BSc./MSc. theses, academic projects/assignments or industry related work. These classes will provide hollistic support in all aspects of the empirical project, from data understanding, analysis, careful interpretation of the results and presentation through captivating and coherent storytelling. The class can also provide support with code implementation in R/Python/SPSS.

Robert

4.74

(27)

A highly experienced Franco-Belgian teacher (ook in het nederlands!) offers private lessons in mathematics (including finance), probability and statistics, as well as physics, chemistry, and biology for secondary and higher education levels. For physics, chemistry, and biology, the instruction is tailored to the secondary level, specifically up to the 5th year of secondary education in Belgium.

Whether you prefer lessons at your place, my place, or remotely, I am flexible to accommodate your needs. If necessary, I can travel to your home in Brussels, Walloon and Flemish Brabant, with a minimum duration of 2 hours per session. The lessons are designed to provide extensive practice with numerous exercises. Distance learning options are also available through platforms such as Skype, Facebook, etc. Please note that for students in France, only distance learning courses are provided.

In mathematics, I specialize in various topics and frequently provide lessons covering the entire secondary school curriculum, including math 6 and higher. These topics encompass factorization, equations of the 1st and 2nd degree (with in-depth study of parabolas), limits, derivatives, integrals, exponentials and logarithms, as well as trigonometry. Additionally, I am occasionally called upon to teach analytical geometry in space, including equations of lines and planes.

For statistics and probabilities, I provide instruction in descriptive and inferential statistics (univariate and bivariate), covering confidence intervals and hypothesis tests, applicable to secondary and higher education levels.

Feel free to reach out to me to discuss and arrange the lessons based on your specific needs and availability. My aim is to help you enhance your skills effectively and provide personalized instruction. By tailoring the lessons to your requirements, we can ensure rapid progress in your studies.

Kevin

4.74

(27)

I offer you a new learning experience.

The focus is on practical application and theory is only introduced where intuition reaches its limits.

Whether you are a beginner or an advanced learner, my tailor-made lessons will accelerate your language acquisition in a positive learning environment.

You can book a complete course with regular sessions or individual lessons to overcome a specific problem, such as pronunciation or a particular point in grammar.

Learning a foreign language is not a linear process that consists of memorising a list of words, and speaking a foreign language is not an oral translation exercise.

There are two types of approaches to acquiring knowledge:

When asked what year follows 1999, you can immediately answer 2000 without having to think for a long time and, above all, without having memorised each number individually, starting with 1, 2, 3 ... You know that numbers are formed according to a certain pattern. With only ten digits, you can form an infinite number of numbers and always know which number comes next.

When it comes to the alphabet, words and sentences, it's more or less the same, but school pedagogy, school textbooks and regular lessons still follow the rote learning approach. In the lessons I propose, you will learn to use patterns because this is more efficient and faster.

Learning is easy, but unlearning bad habits is extremely difficult. This makes it all the more important to learn the right reflexes as early as possible.

My offer is aimed at both young people and adults who want to learn German or improve their knowledge without wasting time on nonsensical school methods.

I offer individual or group lessons for German. The methods are based on cognitive science and, in particular, comparative linguistics. My flexible programme can be tailored to your individual needs. The programme focuses on your independence in spontaneous conversations in real life.

What is particularly important to me:

motivating my students and help them establish a learning rhythm;
encouraging their creativity;
helping them become more familiar with the language;
teaching them the letters and their sounds;
strengthening their memory by training their phonological loop;
teaching sentence building plans instead of memorising sentences;
explaining how language works so that my students can become independent as quickly as possible.

I look forward to meeting you.

Matías

4.74

(27)

Python is one of the best, if not the best, language to start learning programming. It is also one of the most widely used languages today, especially in cutting-edge areas such as machine learning.

This popularity means that Python is constantly evolving. It offers a wide range of tools and libraries, which are free and very varied.

As an aeronautical engineer, I like to share my knowledge and derive satisfaction from it by teaching and motivating others.

I'm used to working with people of different ages. I believe in the importance of segmenting learning, visualizing progress, setting concrete goals and practicing regularly.

Beyond these general principles, there is no magic rule or method. Some approaches work with some students but not with others. Adaptation to individual needs is therefore the main objective of private lessons. So I will do my best to find what motivates and helps my student.

Amin

4.74

(27)

Python is the most in-demand programming language in the world right now — and one of the easiest to learn with the right guidance.
Whether you've never written a line of code or you're a student who needs to pass a programming course, this is a practical, no-fluff introduction that gets you writing real code from session one.
What we can cover depending on your goals:

Python fundamentals: variables, loops, functions, data structures
- Object-oriented programming (OOP)
- Data manipulation with pandas and NumPy
- Introduction to machine learning with scikit-learn
- Database management with SQL
- C and Java upon request
- MATLAB and R available for engineering/science students

Why learn with me?
I'm not a student teaching on the side — I'm a professional engineer who uses Python daily for data analysis, modeling, and automation. I know exactly which concepts matter in the real world and which ones you can skip for now.
Sessions are 100% personalized: I adapt the pace, the examples, and the exercises to your background and your goal — whether that's passing your university exam, building a project, or landing a job.

Madara

4.74

(27)

I am a Doctor of Psychology (PhD) and researcher with extensive experience in teaching and mentoring. Since October 2016, I have successfully tutored undergraduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. students, as well as professionals, in areas including Psychology (AS, A-level (AQA or other exam boards), and degree level), Statistics, Data Analysis, SPSS, Jamovi, JASP, R/RStudio, Research Methods, and in support of research projects, theses, and dissertations.

I specialise in Clinical Psychology, particularly reading disabilities and dyslexia, though I also have strong knowledge across other areas of psychology, research methodology, and data analysis, with expertise in SPSS.

I offer individual, live, one-to-one online sessions via Zoom, tailored to your learning goals. I can also recommend relevant literature and provide resources from my own curated database to support your studies and research.

Gaëlle

4.74

(27)

While adults are still debating whether kids should use AI, they are already using it.
The question isn't "should they?" it's "how do we do it intelligently?"

In this course, your child will discover:
✓ What AI actually is: not magic, not mystery. How machines think, what they can do, what they can't
✓ How ChatGPT really works: not just "ask a question and get an answer," but why it responds that way, where it fails, when to trust it
✓ What LLMs are (Large Language Models): in language they understand, not tech jargon
✓ Create with AI: custom avatars, interactive stories, real projects using real tools
✓ Think critically about AI: Bias, privacy, creativity. What does AI do better than humans? What can't it do?
✓ Real-world applications: How AI transforms medicine, education, art, gaming, everyday life

Why this is different:
Most AI courses for kids teach "here's the tool, use it." I teach how to think about AI.
Your child will learn to see AI not as black magic or a solution to everything, but as a powerful tool with real limits.
And, more importantly: that they can control how they use it.

What they take home:
Real projects they created (custom avatar, interactive app, analysis of a real AI case study). A genuine understanding of how it works. And the ability to use AI responsibly and creatively.

Format: Online | 60–90 min sessions | Flexible, adapted to their age and pace

For curious kids asking "How does ChatGPT actually know things?"

Salah

4.74

(27)

As a teaching professional, I have always enjoyed sharing my knowledge. My goal is to provide quality education. I am aware that some topics may seem complex, but often this is simply the result of an inadequate explanation by the teacher. With me, you will discover a real interest in the material!

We strive together to achieve academic excellence, overcoming the shortcomings and difficulties encountered by your child. Studies will become a pleasant experience for him. In addition to the courses, I can also help with school orientation, identifying their preferences and highlighting the advantages and benefits of a fulfilling educational ambition.

The sessions generally take place according to the following stages:

1️⃣ The first sessions are devoted to the assessment of the student's level in order to detect existing gaps.

2️⃣ Next, we create a personalized plan to address these gaps, including the number of hours of work needed, specific areas to focus on, and appropriate training and development exercises.

3️⃣ We stay in constant contact with the student's class teacher, to keep up to date with the latest requirements and ensure a consistent approach.

4️⃣ Subsequently, I provide exams similar to those that are likely to be asked in class, to prepare the student effectively.

5️⃣ Upon request, I write a regular report, usually monthly, to keep parents informed of their child's progress throughout their course.

I adapt my methodology according to the specific needs of each student, thus offering them a personalized and adapted work approach.

In addition, I offer crash courses for students preparing for the start of the school year, allowing them to start the year well prepared, with a solid lead on the school curriculum.

If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me. I will be happy to help you.

Giuliano

4.74

(27)

Python is a powerful and versatile programming language with countless possibilities. You can use it for data analysis, image processing, automation, software development, hardware control, and much more.

Do you want to create your own software?
Work with data or images?
Automate repetitive tasks?
Control or manage your own hardware?

Whether you are just starting to learn Python or already have a specific project and need some guidance, I would be happy to help you.

My goal is to explain things clearly, adapt to your level, and help you understand not only how to make something work, but also why it works.

Let's turn your ideas into working Python projects!

Baia

4.74

(27)

I teach Python specifically for finance and data applications - the kind used in economics, business analytics, and quantitative programs. This isn't a general "learn to code" course; it's built around real financial data, benchmarking, and the workflows you'll actually use in coursework or early career work.

Topics include:
Python fundamentals through a finance lens (data structures, functions, control flow).
Working with financial data and datasets.
Performance benchmarking and writing efficient code.
Applying concepts from Hilpisch's Python for Finance.

Kevin

4.74

(27)

► EXPERT STATISTICS, DATA ANALYTICS, MACHINE LEARNING & AI TUTOR FROM SWITZERLAND
► UNIVERSITY, FOUNDATION, IB, A-LEVEL & INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL SUPPORT

I completed my Master’s degree in Business Information Systems at a Swiss University of Applied Sciences, where my academic background strongly combined mathematics, statistics, data analysis, analytical thinking and problem-solving. This technical and data-oriented foundation shaped the way I teach today: clearly, logically and with a strong focus on real understanding.

For many years, I have successfully supported students in Statistics, Data Analytics, Machine Learning and AI. My main focus is especially on Statistics — from basic descriptive statistics to advanced statistical methods, hypothesis testing, regression, probability distributions and interpretation of results.

I mainly use R for statistical analysis, data handling, visualisation and practical exercises. My goal is not only to help students calculate results, but to make sure they understand what the results mean and how to explain them correctly.

► STATISTICS, DATA ANALYTICS & AI SUPPORT

► STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
I help students understand descriptive statistics, probability, random variables, distributions, sampling, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, p-values, correlation, regression and statistical interpretation. My lessons focus on explaining the logic behind each method, not just applying formulas.

► APPLIED STATISTICS WITH R
I support students in using R for statistical analysis, data cleaning, visualisation, hypothesis testing, regression models and interpretation of outputs. Students learn how to connect theory, calculation, code and real meaning step by step.

► QUANTITATIVE METHODS & RESEARCH STATISTICS
I help students with statistical methods used in business, economics, psychology, social sciences, science and university research. This includes choosing the correct test, understanding assumptions, interpreting results and presenting findings clearly.

► DATA ANALYTICS & DATA SCIENCE
I support students with data preparation, exploratory data analysis, visualisation, dashboards, summary statistics and practical interpretation. The focus is always on understanding the data and drawing meaningful conclusions.

► MACHINE LEARNING & AI FOUNDATIONS
For students working with modern data topics, I also provide support in the foundations of Machine Learning and AI, including regression, classification, clustering, model evaluation and practical applications. These topics are explained from a statistical point of view, so students understand the logic behind the models.

► UNIVERSITY, FOUNDATION & INTERNATIONAL COURSES
I support students in Statistics, Data Analytics, Business Analytics, Quantitative Methods, Econometrics, Research Methods and technical modules. I help with exam preparation, assignments, projects and practical data analysis tasks.

► HOW I TEACH

► I FOCUS ON REAL STATISTICAL UNDERSTANDING.
Statistics becomes much easier when students understand why a method is used, what the result means and how to interpret it correctly.

► I EXPLAIN FORMULAS STEP BY STEP.
Difficult formulas, tests and models are broken down into simple, logical parts so students can follow the reasoning clearly.

► I CONNECT THEORY WITH R PRACTICE.
Students learn not only the statistical theory, but also how to apply it in R, read the output and explain the result in proper academic language.

► I HELP STUDENTS CHOOSE THE RIGHT METHOD.
Many students struggle with deciding whether to use a t-test, chi-square test, ANOVA, regression or another method. I teach students how to recognise the correct approach from the question or dataset.

► I TRAIN INTERPRETATION AND EXAM TECHNIQUE.
Students learn how to structure statistical answers, write clear conclusions, explain p-values, interpret confidence intervals and present results professionally.

► I ADAPT EVERY LESSON TO THE STUDENT.
Some students need help with theory, others with R coding, assignments, research projects or exam preparation. I adjust every lesson to the student’s exact course, level and goals.

► YEARS OF EXPERIENCE WITH STATISTICS, DATA & UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Over the years, I have successfully supported students from demanding academic programmes, helping them strengthen their statistical understanding, improve their analytical thinking and achieve excellent progress in Statistics, Data Analytics, Machine Learning and AI.

► ONLINE LESSONS

► Interactive whiteboard
► Clear digital notes
► Step-by-step statistical explanations
► R support for data analysis
► Exam preparation
► Assignment and project guidance
► Practical examples with real datasets
► Focused one-to-one support from Switzerland

► MY GOAL

My goal is not only to help students pass exams or complete assignments, but to help them truly understand Statistics. With the right guidance, statistical methods become logical, practical and much easier to apply.

► SUBJECTS: Statistics, Probability, Data Analytics, Data Science, Machine Learning, AI, Quantitative Methods, Research Methods, Econometrics
► MAIN TOOL: R
► LEVELS: International School, IB, A-Level, Foundation Courses, University Modules, Professional Training
► FORMAT: Online tutoring from Switzerland
► FOCUS: Statistical understanding, R practice, interpretation, exam preparation, assignments, projects and long-term analytical confidence.

Brent

4.74

(27)

Are you drowning in countless formulas? Is your head starting to explode with equations and graphs? Don't panic! Math doesn't have to be a stumbling block. With the right explanation and a calm approach, it often becomes much clearer. Together, we'll tackle it step by step, at your pace.

For whom?
- Students from primary and secondary education
- Children and young people preparing for exams or tests
- Anyone who wants to give mathematics a second chance, including adults

What can you expect?
- I explain the often complicated mathematical language in clear, human language
- Focus on insight, not just learning tricks and formulas by heart
- Exercises that we tackle together
- Space for questions, repetition and building self-confidence
I can also prepare exercises and even complete practice exams myself.

About me
I'm currently pursuing my Master's degree in Data Science/Analytics at the University of Antwerp. In high school, I had seven hours of math a week and always passed my exams with high marks. I've been happily tutoring students of various levels for several years now. I'm analytical, but also calm, patient, and good at sensing exactly where things are going wrong.

Practical:
- 1-on-1 lessons, online, at my place or at yours (if you don't live too far away)
- We will go through your material together or I will provide my own material
- Your own pace and approach, completely tailored to you

I have already successfully guided students with:
- Mathematics in secondary education: from the 1st to the 6th year, for various fields of study and schools, including Latin at Sint-Michielscollege Brasschaat, Economics-Mathematics at KA Schoten, and Humanities at Annuntia.
- Arithmetic in primary education: pupils in the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades, including mental arithmetic, written calculation, and other arithmetic skills.
- Mathematics in the Electromechanics program at AP University of Applied Sciences.

Feel free to send me a message with your questions or concerns, and we'll discuss how I can best support you.

Farouk

4.74

(27)

These courses are part of a structured and progressive training in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with JavaScript, designed for beginner or intermediate developers who want to understand in depth how the language works, write clearer, more maintainable code and prepare themselves calmly for modern frameworks like React ⚛️.

Object-Oriented Programming is often perceived as complex or abstract.

My goal is simple: to make it logical, concrete, and immediately applicable.

🎯 Training Objectives

Upon completion of this training, you will be able to:

Understanding what Object-Oriented Programming really is (and when to use it)
Create and manipulate objects in JavaScript in a clean and efficient way
Use ES6 classes, constructors, and methods with confidence
Mastering this, the prototype, and the instantiation logic
Apply encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism without confusion
Avoiding common mistakes made by OOP beginners
Structure your JavaScript code like a professional developer

📖 Training Plan – Object-Oriented Programming in JavaScript
1. Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming 🧠
Understanding the concept, objectives and benefits of OOP.
2. Procedural Programming vs. OOP
Why unstructured code quickly becomes unmanageable.
3. Objects in JavaScript
Properties, methods and representation of the real world.
4. The keyword this
Understanding the execution context (often poorly understood).
5. Limitations of simple objects
Why duplicating code is a bad idea.
6. Constructive functions
Create multiple objects from the same model.
7. The keyword new
What it's actually doing under the hood.
8. The prototype
Sharing methods and memory optimization.
9. ES6 Classes
Modern syntax and best practices.
10. The builder
Proper initialization of objects.
11. Data Encapsulation
Protect the internal state of objects.
12. Inheritance between classes
Reusing code intelligently.
13. The keyword super
Communication between parent and child in the classroom.
14. Polymorphism
The same behavior, several forms.
15. Composition vs. Inheritance
Choosing the right architecture.
16. Best practices in OOP
Write readable, scalable, and maintainable code.
17. Common mistakes made by beginners
Pitfalls to absolutely avoid.
18. Guided practical exercise
Creation of a concrete class (product, user, etc.).
19. Assessment Quiz (Multiple Choice Questions)
To validate the actual understanding of the concepts.

🛠️ Teaching method: Understand before writing

This training program is based on a progressive and pragmatic approach:
Clear and illustrated explanations
Concrete examples from real projects
Simple but effective exercises
Constant questioning to avoid rote learning
Adaptation to the learner's level and pace
Here, we don't "recite OOP" — we understand it.

🚀 Learner's result

At the end of the training, you will not only know how to write a JavaScript class.
You will know:

1- Why does it exist?
2- When to use it
3- and when not to use it

You will leave with:
a solid understanding of OOP
a cleaner and more professional code
an ideal foundation for learning React, Node.js or any other modern framework

Ali

4.74

(27)

I teach Python, C and C++ one to one, online or in person around Birmingham.

Most of my students fall into one of three groups. Some are at GCSE or A-Level and need to get comfortable with a language before an exam or a coursework deadline. Some are at university, usually on an engineering or computing degree, and have hit something specific that isn't clicking: pointers, memory, recursion, object orientation, or a project that won't compile. And some are adults starting from nothing, often because work has started asking them to automate things.

Lessons are built around code you can run. I'll ask what you're working on and where you got stuck, then we write something small together, break it on purpose, and work out what the error message is actually telling you. Reading error messages properly is half of programming and almost nobody teaches it.

Areas I cover regularly:

Python from the basics through functions, data structures, file handling, object orientation and libraries like NumPy and Pandas
C and C++, including the parts that cause most of the trouble: pointers, memory management, structs, classes and compilation
GCSE and A-Level Computer Science across all exam boards, including pseudocode, trace tables and written paper technique
A-Level NEA projects and university coursework, plus debugging sessions and code review
Embedded C for Arduino, ESP32 and microcontroller projects, which is the work I do professionally

After each lesson I send written notes covering what we did, worked through step by step, so you have something to revise from later rather than trying to remember what was on screen.

First session is free and lasts 30 minutes. We use it to work out what you need and whether I'm the right person for it. If I'm not, I'll say so and point you somewhere better.

Message me with what you're studying and what's giving you trouble, and I'll tell you honestly how I'd approach it.

Hajer

4.74

(27)

Struggling with Probability & Statistics at university? I help you go beyond memorizing formulas and learn how to THINK, SOLVE, and APPLY.

I am a university mathematics lecturer with several years of experience teaching university-level mathematics. My classes are designed especially for students in Computer Science, Engineering, Data Science, Mathematics, and other STEM programs.

We work on:

• Descriptive statistics: populations, variables, distributions, measures, tables and graphs
• Probability: events, conditional probability, independence, Bayes’ theorem
• Random variables and probability distributions
• Expectation, variance and standard deviation
• Discrete and continuous distributions
• Statistical inference and hypothesis testing
• Exam preparation and problem-solving strategies
• Understanding difficult exercises and choosing the right method

My approach is practical and student-centered. We do not simply review the lesson. We learn how to read an exercise, identify the important information, choose the appropriate concept or method, solve step by step, and avoid common mistakes.

Each session can include:
✓ A short diagnostic of your difficulties
✓ Clear explanations adapted to your level
✓ Guided problem solving
✓ University-level exercises
✓ Detailed corrections and feedback
✓ Exam-oriented practice

Whether you are struggling with the basics, preparing for an exam, or aiming for a higher grade, we will build a clear and effective strategy based on your actual needs.

Let’s turn Probability & Statistics from a difficult subject into a subject you can confidently solve.

Neha

4.74

(27)

Learn how to build modern websites and mobile applications from scratch and develop the practical skills needed for real-world projects.

In this Frontend & Mobile Development course, I’ll guide you step by step through the technologies and tools commonly used by developers, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Angular, Git, GitHub, VS Code, and mobile application development.

You’ll learn how to create responsive and interactive websites, build structured applications with Angular, manage your code using Git and GitHub, and use VS Code efficiently for development. We’ll also explore how frontend technologies can be used to create mobile applications.

The course is suitable for beginners and intermediate learners. Lessons are practical and project-based, so you’ll learn by actually building websites and applications rather than only studying theory.

My goal is to help you understand how and why the code works, improve your problem-solving skills, learn professional development practices, and gain the confidence to create your own projects independently.

Lessons can be adapted to your experience level, learning pace, and personal or career goals.